在Windows平台的Apache中配置Python

2010年08月19日 Web开发, 编程技术

要在Windows平台的Apache中使用Python，当然必须得先安装Apache和Python。Apache我使用的是XAMPP，而Python则随便一搜，就可以找到下载链接。由于这个解决方案要通过安装Apache模块mod_python来实现，而mod_python的当前版本3.3.1只支持Apache 2.2和Python 2.5，所以不得不先缷载已经装好的Python 3.0，重新下载安装了Python 2.5。mod_python是一个Apache模块，它可以将Python解释器嵌入到Apache服务器中（详情可以看这里）。

让Apache支持Python的过程很简单，只要3步。

下载mod_python模块安装程序（注意文件名后面Python和Apache的版本号要与自己已经安装的版本一致；文件名前面的版本号则是mod_python的，文件名示例：mod_python-3.3.1.win32-py2.5-Apache2.2.exe），然后安装，安装向导会自动找到Python路径，但可能需要我们手工指定Apache路径，安装到最后，向导还会提示你如何修改Apache配置文件（参见下一步）并给出了后续步骤的英文说明。
让Apache加载mod_python模块。在Apache安装目录下找到其配置文件apache\conf\httpd.conf，打开，搜“LoadModule”，找到加载模块的地方，然后添加一条语句：LoadModule python_module modules/mod_python.so，重新启动Apache。
在htdocs目录下新建一个目录，如：“py”。进入py目录，新建一个文本文件，并命名为“.htaccess”，加入下列3条指令：
```
AddHandler mod_python .py
PythonHandler mptest
PythonDebug On
```
这里第一条指令是将所有URL末尾为.py的请求转发给mod_python处理程序，mod_python接收到请求之后再寻找适当的PythonHandler处理程序。第二条指令只定义了一个mptest处理程序。最后一条是启用Python代码调试功能，以便在代码运行出错时输出Python解释器返回的错误。

完成以上3步之后，就可以编写Python文件并进行测试了。在py目录下新建 mptest.py 文件，打开后添加如下代码：


from mod_python import apache

def handler(req):
	req.content_type = 'text/plain'
	req.write("Hello World!")
	return apache.OK

保存。打开浏览器，输入http://localhost/py/mptest.py，回车。看到“Hello World！”了吗？

实际上，由于前面只明确将mptest设置为处理程序，所以无论浏览器URL中的.py文件名是什么（如：login.py、default.py），都将被转发给mptest.py文件来处理，都会返回“Hello World！”。怎么办呢？长话短说，可以将上面第3步中的代码替换成如下所示：


AddHandler mod_python .py
PythonHandler mod_python.publisher
PythonDebug On

更多内容，参见Mod_python Manual和Introducing mod_python。

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朋友们的留言

dismory | 08月 25th, 2010 at 20:29
PythonHandler从具体的mptest改成mod_python.publisher后
如果还要测试, 要把mptest.py中追加index(req)方法(或者直接把handler改成index即可), 否则缺少index(req)会返回404错误
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为之漫笔 | 08月 26th, 2010 at 00:06
@dismory 多谢指出。
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